Phat huy vai tro cong doan
trong tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat tai cac doanh nghiep
HOANG THI NGA- Tom tat
Bai vie't khdi qudt thuc trgng cdng dodn khi tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, gidm sdt trong cdc doanh nghiip (DN) vdi 3 ngi dung chlnh, bao gom: Cdc vdn de liin quan di'n chi' dg, chinh sdch trong DN; Quy che ddn chu cO sd; Thuc hiin tdi chinh cdng dodn. Tff do, di xudt mgt sdgiai phdp nham phdt huy vai trd ciia cdng dodn trong viec bdo vi quyen, lgi ich hgp phdp, chinh ddng eua ngUdi lao dgng (NLD) trong tinh hinh mdi.
Tir khoa: thanh tra, kiem tra, gidm sdt, doanh nghiep, cong dodn Summary
The article discusses the .situation of trade unions' inspection, examination and supervision in enterprises concerning 3 main contents, including: Issues related to regimes and policies in enterprises; Grassroots democracy regulations; Management of finance. Finally, it proposes a number of solutions to promote the role of trade unions in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of-workers in the new context.
Keywords: inspection, examination, supervision, enterprises, trade union Gidl THIEU PHl/CNG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU Thffc hidn giam sat theo Nghi dinb sd'
60/2013/ND-CP, ngay 19/06/2013 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi rie't Khoan 3, Dieu 63 ciia Bp luat Lao ddng nam 2012 ve thifc hidn quy che dan chu tai ndi lam vide; giam sat chuyen de thffc hien theo Nghi dinh sd 191/2013/NB-CP, ngay 21/11/2013 ciia Chinh phii quy dinh chi ti6t ve tai chinh cdng doan, bang nhieu hinh thffc va phffdng phap khac nhau, thdi gian qua, cac ca'p cdng doan da trien khai hoat ddng tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat nhffng ndi dung gSn chat vdl vide thffc hien cac quydn, ldi ich ciia NLD trong cac DN va dat dffdc nhffng ket qua nha't dinh.
Tuy nhien, de phat huy hdn nffa vai trd tham gia thanh tra, kiem tta, giam sat cua cac cap cdng doan, nha't la dd'i vdi cdng doan Cd sd (CDCS) trong vide dam bao phan anh kip thdi tam tff, nguyen vong, tidn lu'dng, viec lam cua NLD gan vdi thffc fe npi tai cua tffng DN, ddi mdi phffdng phap hoat ddng cdng doan de phu hdp trong tinh hinh mdi la hd't sffc can thie't.
Bai vie't dffdc thffc hien thong qua khao sat thffc trang cdng doan khi tham gia thanh tra, kidm tra, giam sat trong 12 DN d 6 tinh, thanh phd', bao gdm: Ha NOi, Bac Ninh, Nghe An, Ha TTnh, TP. Ho Chi Minh, Binh Dffdng. Thdi gian tff thang 12/2018 ddn thang 01/2020.
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfu
Cdng doan tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat ve cac van de lien quan de'n chd' dd, chinh sach trong DN
Kd't qua khao sat eho tha'y, bang nhieu hinh thffc va phffdng phap khac nhau, nhff: CDCS quan sat va hep can trffc tiep vdi NLD de la'y thdng tin, hoac phd'i hdp vdi cdng doan cap trdn trffc rie'p cd sd (68,5%); cdng doan ea'p trdn cd sd dffa tren sff phd'i hdp ciia cdng doan vdi eac to chffc khac; tham gia vdi sd lao ddng - thffdng binh va xa hdi (65,9%), bao hiem xa hdi (65,9%), ban quan Iy cac khu cdng nghiep (52,3%), ban chinh sach - phap luat lien doan lao ddng tinh (52,3%), cdng doan cap tren trffc tiep cd sd (50%); cac ca'p cdng doan cd the trien khai cae boat ddng thanh tra, kiem tta, giam sat ddi vdi vide thffc hien cac che dp, chinh sach cua NLD, nhff: vide lam, tiiu nhap; thdi gid lam vide, hdp ddng lao dpng, thda ffdc lao ddng tap the; bao hiem xa hdi.
PQS, TS., Tri/dng Dai hoc Cong doan
^Saynhqn bdi: 28/03/2020; Ngdy phdn bi^ii: 07/04/2020; Ngdy duyel ddng. 14/04/2020
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bao hiem y te'. bao hiem tha't nghiep... Trong dd, ban"
vide chu ddng phdi - ke't hdp vdi cac td chffc doan the khac, la'y cdng nhan lam kenh thdng tin phan anh quan ttpng, ben canh kiem tta thffdng xuydn, nhffng lan kiem tta dot xua't, hidu qua cac boat ddng thanh tta, kiem tta, giam sat cua cdng doan ve va'n de viec lam va thu nhap da mang lai nhffng hidu qua tich cffc. Cu the:
Ve viic ldm
Nam 2019, CDCS eiia 12 DN dffdc khao sat tren dia ban 6 tinh, thanh phd'da thffc hidn quyen giam sat ttong DN. Trong dd, chii yd'u la hoat ddng sap xe'p viec lam cho NLD (69,2%); sa thai lao ddng ciia DN (65,8%);
va tuyen dung lao ddng cua DN (62,3%).
Dd'i vdi cdng doan cS'p ttdn cd sd, ndi dung cong doan tham gia kiem tra, giam sat lidn quan de'n vide lam dffdc dae biet chu y, dd la va'n de sa thai NLD (70,5%). Day la va'n de tffdng dd'i nhay cam trong m_d'i quan he giffa ngffdi sff dung lao dong va NLD, dd dan de'n nhffng tranh chap, xung ddt, can sff can thiep ciia cdng doan nham dam bao quyen ldi cho NLD. Cdng doan con giam sat sd ngffdi xin thdi vide (vdi ly do tff nguydn hoac thuyen chuyen cdng tac sang cdng ty khac) va va'n de chi tta trd ca'p thdi vide cho NLD,
Ve thu nhgp
Hoat dgng thanh tta, idem tra, giam sat cua cdng doan tap trung chii yd'u ve tien Iffdng (viec ap dung mffc Iffdng td'i thieu vung ciia DN), hinh thffc tra Iffdng (Iffdng theo thdi gian, Iffdng khoan, Iffdng san pha'm), xay dffng thang bang Iffdng theo quy dinh, quy chd' nang Iffdng. Trong dd, CDCS chu yd'u giam sat nhffng va'n de: rien Iffdng DN tra cho NLD (78.7%), xay dffng thang bang Iffdng trong DN (70%), quy che' nang Iffdng (61,2%); cdng doan ca'p tren cd sd chii ye'u tham gia thanh tta, kiem tra, giam sat vide xay dffng thang bang lffdng (88,6%), tien Iffdng (81,8%), tinh ttang nd tra trd ca'p cho lao dong thdi vide ttong DN (54,4%).
Thdng qua tham gia thanh tta, kiem tta, giam sat ve thu nhap, can bd cdng doan da phat hidn nhffng sai pham ciia eac DN, ttong dd chu ye'u la DN xay diftig thang bang Iffdng khdng dung quy dinh (24,6%), nang Iffdng khong dffng thdi ban (18%), DN chffa xay diftig thang bang Iffdng (17,7%) va tta Iffdng khdng diing thdi ban (17,7%).
Ve thdi gian ldm viec
Can bp CDCS trong qua trinh giam sat da phat hien ra mot so' vi pham, ttong dd cao nha't la so' gid lam them ciia NLD vffdt qua mffc quy dinh (85%); tie'p de'n la DN khdng bao ve rinh trang NLD phai lam them gid (75,4%); td chffc lam ca ddm khdng diing quy dinh (71,9%); va cud'i cung la DN khdng cho phep NLD nghi phep theo dung quy dinh ctia phap luat ciing nhff hdi ddng lao dong tap the (71,2%),
Can bd cdng doan ca'p trdn cd sd tham gia thanh tra. kiem tra, giam sat nhffng ndi dung tren nhffng vdi ty Id tha'p hdn, tffdng ffng l^n lffdt la: 15%, 24,6%, 28,1% va 28,8%.
Ve hdp dong lao dgng, thda tide lao dgng tap the Kd't qua khao sat cho tha'y, da so' NLD khi dffdc hdi da tra ldi rang, ho nhan dffdc hffdng dan, tff va'n
cua cdng doan khi ky hdp ddng lao ddng (76,2%). CDCS da giam sat va phat hidn DN chffa ky ke't thda ffdc lao ddng tap the (13,4%), cdng doan cap tren cd sd tham gia thanh tra, kiem tta, giam sat phat hidn ty Id chffa ky ket thoa ffdc lao dong tap the (33,7%o). Dieu nay cho tha'y, cong doan cap trdn cd sd phat hidn sai pham ve thda ffdc lao ddng tSp the nhidu hdn so vdi CDCS.
Ve Bdo hiem xd h0i, bdo hiem y te, bdo hiem thdt nghidp
Dff lieu khao sat chd tha'y, ty le can bd cdng doan cho rang, DN nd hoac cham ddng bao hiem xa hdi eho NLD kha cao (36%), nhffng cd sff khac biet giffa cdng doan cac cap ve viec phat hidn DN nd hoac cham ddng bao hie'm xa hdi.
Cu the: Can bd CDCS (30,4%), trong khi dd can bd cdng doan ca'p tren cd sd (70,5%). Va, ttong mdt sd'budi toa dam, rim hieu ve va'n de nay mdt each cu th^
hdn, khi trao ddi vdi can bd CDCS nhan tha'y, ho gap phai nhffng khd khan trong cdng tac thanh tra, kidm tra ve bao hiem xa hdi eho NLD. Chang han nhff va'n dd ye'u kem ve trinh dd chuyen mdn, khi hp cung chi la nhffng ngffdi cdng nhan trong nha may, trinh dd hoc va'n chi la phd thdng trung hoc...
Cdng doan tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat ve quy che dan chu cd sd
Cdng tac tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat cua edng doan ve Quy chd' dan chu dffdc thffc hidn bang nhieu hinh thffc khac nhau, nhff; chii ddng lang nghe y kid'n dff luan xa hdi, quan sat, gap trffc tid'p NLD; td chffc dd'i thoai trffc tiep va quan sat qua trinh lam vide thffc td' cua NLD... Phffdng phap dffdc cac ca'p cdng doan sff dung la phd'i hdp vdi ngffdi su*
dung lao ddng td chffc hdi nghi can bd cdng chffc, vien chffe va hOi nghi NLD t^i cac DN. Ndi dung cdng doan tham gia thanh tra, kiem tta, giam sat Quy chd dan chu cd sd d DN, bao gdm; dd'i thoai va lay y kien NLD; thi dua, khen tiiffdng.
Veddi thogi vd lay y kien NLD Ket qua khao sat cung cho tha'y, ed sff chdnh lech dang ke giffa danh gia cua doan vien cdng doan, NLD vdi sff danh gia eua can bo cdng doan. Can bd cong doan nhan dmh rang, ngffdi sff dung lao dong tiep thu tat ca cac y kidn cua NLD (54,9%), ttong khi NLD ghi nhan chi cd (39,03%).'
Ve danh gia cua can bd cong doan va doan vien. NLD ve viec tidp thu cac y kidn cua NLD ddi vdi cac van ban difa ra cung IDA
CO Slf chenh Idch, vdi CDCS (3,3%), cdn can bp cdng doan cap trdn cd sd (2,3%).
Danh gia ciia cdng doan cac ca'p ve cdng doan tham gia thanh tra, kiem tta, giam sat qua hinh thffc hien sau khi ed ke't luan budi ddi thoai theo td chffc cdng doan tai DN cho tha'y, da so' can bp cdng doan giam sat ra't nghiem tuc theo ket luan cua ddi thoai, cu the: CDCS (68,5%), cdng doan ca'p tren ed sd (61,4%).
Ve thi dua khen thffdng Ke't qua khao sat cho thay, can bd cSng doan danh gia tffdng do'i cao ve hieu qua ciia phong trao thi dua kben thffdng trong cae DN cha'p nhan dffdc (59,0%), danh gia ra't phu hdp vdi nhu cau thffc te (36,0%). Ddng thdi, cdng tac cdng doan tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat hoat ddng thi dua khen thffdng ciing dffdc NLD danh gia cao. Tuy nhidn, con tdn tai nhffng mat ban che' nha't dinh can khac phuc trong thdi gian tdi, dd la c6 sff khong cdng bang giffa cac nhdm, giffa ca nhan. Cu the, cac sang kid'n sau khi c6 ke't qua dffdc cdng bd' rdng rai de'n toan cdng ty (80,37%), to/ddi san xua't biet (15,24%), chi ca nhan trao thffdng bie't (4,39%).
Cdng doan tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat v^ thuTc hien tai chinh cdng doan
Cong doan cac ca'p tham gia thanh tra, kiem tta, giam sat ve ITnh vffc tai chinh cdng doan thdng qua qua trinh xay difng va thffc hien ke hoach, quan ly theo quy dinh, quye't toan thu - chi theo cac hu'dng din tai chinh. Cdng tac nay dffdc thifc hien thffdng xuydn, lien tuc de dam bao Slf minh bach ttong tai chinh.
Ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y, ddi vdi CDCS, thu - chi quan Iy tai chinh dffdc cung cap bat cff khi nao (34%), tff cdng khai Ehu - chi theo kd hoach hang nam (59,8%), Trong khi dd, cdng doan ca'p tren cd sd chu ye'u chi thanb tra, kiem tra, giam sat tai chinh cdng doan trong DN thdng qua ke' hoach tff cdng khai tai chinh hang nam ciiaDN (70,8%). Dieu nay cho tha'y, DN khdng sSn sang cung cap so lieu thu - chi cu the cho ngffdi ngoai, dac bidt la can bO cdng doan cap tren cd sd bid't.
_ Ke't qua khao sat tuy cdn tdn tai mOt so ban che', nhffng vEn chd tha'y sff hieu qua thanh tta, kiem tra, giim sat cila cdng doan trong ITnh vffc tai chinh cdng doan, khi dffdc NLD danh gia d mffc kha.
Sff danh gia hieu qua cua cdng tac thanh
tta, kiem tra, giam sat vd boat ddng tai chinh ciia to chffc cdng doan cac ca'p mdt lan nffa the hidn sif rin tffdng ciia NLD dd'i vdi td chffc cdng doan va sff ky vong cua hp ve cac boat ddng, ma cdng doan se lam eho NLD tff kmh phi ddng gdp.
M 0 T S 6 G I A I PHAP
Ben canh nhffng kd't qua dat dffdc, boat dOng tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat tai eac DN ve eac van de lidn quan den chddd, chinh sach; quy che'dan chii cd sd; va thffc hidn tai chinh cdng doan eiia cdng doan cac ca'p vSn cdn tdn tai mdt sd' khd khan, ban chd' can khae phuc. Dd la cdng tac giam sat vide cha'p hanh phap luat lao ddng chffa thffc sff dap ffng dffdc ydu can nhiem vu. Nhidu va'n de sau kiem tra, giam sat chffa dffdc giai quye't tridt de, vide thffc hien chd'do chinh sach dd'i vdi NLD tai mdt sd' DN chffa dffdc dam bao. Cdng doan cac ca'p chffa cd nhieu giai phap hffu hidu de tham gia vdi cac cd quan chffc nang trong vide tim, tao vide lam, tang thu nhap va giai quyd't nhffng va'n de bffc xuc eiia NLD, nhff; DN nd Iffdng, bao hiem xa hpi keo dai... Cdng tac tuyen truyen, van ddng, ddn dd'c vide nop kinh phi cdng doan cua cac cap, nha't la edng doan cap tren cd sd chffa that sff sau sat, chffa day dli, Mdt sd'DN dang k^ tiianh lap mdt ndi, nhffng boat dong san xua't lai d ndi khac, khdng dn dinh, khdng rd rang, nen cdng doan ra't khd khan trong vide tie'p cSn tuydn truyen, dd'c thiic nop kinh phi cdng doan...
De phdt huy hdn nffa vai trd tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat eiia cac ca'p edng doan, nha't la trong vide phan anh kip thdi tam tff, nguyen vong (va'n de ve rien Iffdng, vide lam) cua NLD gin vdi thffc td' ndi tai ciia tffng DN, cac ca'p cdng doan can thffc hidn td't mdt sd'giai phap sau;
Thu' nhaft, ddi mdi npi dung, phUdng phap hoat ddng - Cac ca'p cdng doan can cu the hda viec nang cao cha't Iffdng, hieu qua khi tham gia xay dffng va thffc hien quy chd'phd'i hdp vdi chinh quyen, cd quan chffc nang, cung nhff chuydn mdn ddng ca'p, nha't la trong cdng tac phd'i hdp thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat hang nam.
- Ddi mdi ndi dung, phffdng phap tap hua'n nghiep vu cdng tac edng doan, tap trung ifu tien eho nhffng va'n de bffc thid't cua cd sd vdi muc tieu, can bd cdng doan phai la nhffng ngffdi hieu bid't ve phap luat, eac che' dp, chinb sach dd'i vdi cdng nhan vien chffc lao ddng. Hang nam, Iffa chon ndi dung, va'n de bffc xuc cd hen quan de'n quyen, ldi ieh hdp phap, chinh dang eiia NLD de xay dffng kd' hoach tnen khai de'n cac cap cdng doan.
Thu" hai, nang cao hidu Wc, hidu qua vai trd ciia cong doan cd'p trdn cd sd (lien doan lao dgng tinh, thanh phd)
- Da'y manh cdng tac tuyen truydn, phd bie'n, tff va'n phap luat va cac che'dd, chinh sach cua Nha nffdc bSng hinh thffc phd hdp vdi eac nhdm dd'i tffdng, tap trung vao cac noi dung thie't thffc dd'i vdi doan vien, NLD;
ehu ttong tuyen truyen, phd bie'n ddi vdi NLD trffc 109
tie'p, nha't la lao ddng tre, lao ddng thuoc khu vffc kinh te'ngoai nha nffdc, giiip ho nam dffdc quyen, ngbia vu vi trach nhiem de thffe hidn, cDng nhff bie't tff bao ve minh, khi bi vi pham ve nhffng quyen ldi lien quan dd'n van de vide lam va thu nhap.
- Tang cffdng boat ddng, nang cao hidu life va hieu qua tham gia thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat; Tap trung hoat ddng hffdng ve cd sd, bam sat doan vien, NLD.
Tich cffc, chu ddng tham gia, kid'n nghi vdi cd quan nha nffdc va ngffdi sff dung Iao ddng de ra cac giai phap nham dam bao vide lam, thu nhap va quyen, ldi ich hdp phap, chinh dang cho NLD,
ThiJ ba, bdi dUSng kid'n thii'c phap luat, trf van phap la&t, n§ng cao hieu qua cdng tac tit kidm tra, giam sat cua CDCS, NLD
- Lidn doan Iao ddng rinh can td chffe tap hua'n cho doan vidn, NLD tham gia vdi cac ndi dung ve Hie'n phap, Bd luat Lao ddng, Luat Cdng doan, Luat Bao hiem xa hdi, Bao hiem y te'; cac nghi dinh cua Chinh phli vd thffc hien dan chu trong boat ddng ed quan hanh chinh nha nffdc va ddn vi sff nghiep cdng lap va cac chd'dp, chinh sach khac cd Hen quan den quyen va ldi ich hdp phap, chinh dang cffa doan vien, NLD.
- Thffdng xuyen quan tam chi dao, nang cao cha't Iffdng boat ddng van phdng tff va'n phap luat tai cac lien doan lao ddng rinh. Qua do, kip thdi nam bat tam tff, nguyen vong cua NLD, giai quyd't kip thdi nhffng vffdng mac, khd khan, bao ve quyen va ldi ich hdp phap, chinh dang cho NLD.
- Chi dao cac ca'p cdng doSn hffdng din, tff va'n, hd ttd NLD ve giao ke't hdp ddng lao ddng, cu the hda nhffng che do, chinh sach theo quy dinh cua phap luat vao hdp ddng lao ddng.
ThiJ tff, n3ng cao vai tro cua cdng doan cd'p tren trufc tid'p cd sof
- Tap trung lanh dao, chi dao thffc hien quy che dan chu cd sd, phat huy quyen lam chu cua cdng nhan vien chffc lao ddng trong tham gia ddng gdp y kie'n xay dffng DN. Dmh ky hang thang cdng doan ca'p trdn trffc rid'p cd sd phai lam vide vdi bao hiem xa hdi dia phffdng xac minh chinh xac sd tien ddng bao hiem xa hdi hang thang ciia DN cho NLD, tinh dung, tinh du kinh phi 2%
DN phai ddng cho td chffc cdng doan.
- Hffdng dan cac CDCS md tai khoan de nhan kinh phi ca'p trdn ca'p tra theo quy dinh hidn hanh. Nghiem
ca'm CDCS thda thuan vdi ngffdi sff dyng lao ddng chi trich nop phan^thy hffdng cua cdng doan ca'p tren cd sd va giff lai phan thu hffdng ciia CDCS. Ra soat viec trich nop kinh phi cdng doan ciia cac DN, tff dd xac dinh DN cdn nd, chSm ddng dd cd cac giai phap ddn dd'c nop theo quy dinh.
Thu" nam, thffc hien cd hieu qua vai trd ciia CDCS
CDCS can day manh cdng tac thffdng lffdng, ky ket thda thda ffdc Iao dong tap the, tham gia xay difng, thffe hidn quy che' dan chii, cae ndi quy, quy che'ciia cd quan, ddn vi, DN; phdi hdp td chffc td't hdi nghi can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc, hdi nghi NLD...
- Day manh cdng tac tuydn truyen, phd bid'n, tff va'n phap luat va cac che' dp, chinh sach ciia Nha nffdc bang hinh thffc phu hdp vdi cac nhdm dd'i tffdng, tap trung vao cae ndi dung thie't thffc dd'i vdi doan vien, NLD; chd ttpng tuyen truyen, phd bid'n dd'i vdi NLD trffc tidp, nha't la lao ddng tre, lao ddng thudc khu vffc kinh td'ngoai nba nffdc. Qua dd, giup NLD nam dffdc quydn, nghTa vu va trach nhidm ciia minh de thffc hidn va bid't tff bao ve minh khi bi vi pham.
Thu" sau, phat huy vai tro, trach nhidm cua nguTcTi su' dung lao dpng, vai tro lam chu cua NLD
Cdng doan can ddng hanh cung DN;
phdi hdp td chffc thffc hidn quy chd dan chu cd sd ndi lam viee; to chffc dd'i thoai giffa lanh dao, ca'p uy, cd quan chuyen mdn, ngffdi sii dung Iao ddng vdi NLD de lang nghe tam tff nguyen vpng, y kid'n phan anh cua NLD. Thdng qua dd, tham gia vdi ngffdi sff dung lao ddng giai quydt thoa dang, kip thdi, dfft diem cac vffdng mac tai cd sd, ddng thdi DN cung chia se, de xuat, kid'n nghi vdi td chffc cdng doan rnot each cdi md, hdp tac va trdn tinh than xay difng.Q
_ T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O _ 1. Chinh phu (2013). Nghi dinh sd 60/2013/ND-CP, ngdy 19/06/2013 quy dinh chi lidt Khoan 3
Dieu 63 cua Bg ludt Lao dgng vi thuc hiin quy che ddn chu d ca sd tgi nai ldm viic
2. Chinh phu (2013). Nghi dinh sd 191/2013/ND-CP ngdy 21/11/2013 quy dinh chi tii't vi tdi chinh cong dodn
3. Lien doan Lao dpng cac tinh, tiianh pho. Ha Ndi, Bac Ninh, Binh Dtrong, TP Ho Chi Minh Nghe An, Ha Tinh (2018). Bdo cdo ttnh hmh, ket qua hoat dong cong dodn ndm 2018 vd nhiem vu nam 2019
4. Hoang Thi Nga (2019). So heu khdo sal tai 6 tinh, thdnh pho: Hd Noi, Bdc Ninh Rink r,„^„
TP. Ho Chi Minh, Nghe An. Hd Tinh, Bi tai ma sa'XH/TLD.2018.04 ' '^"'^S.
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