12 Nghien curu Ton giao. So 6 - 2008
^
TON GIAO VA DAN TOG i s ^
• ^
-J"
••••.'A : • ; • • ' ' , - M i
DONG G O P C U A P H A T GIAO MIEN BAC Vdl SI/NGHIEP GIAI P H O N G D A N TdC NUTA DAU THE KJ XX
1 u
T
rUdc khi de cap den nhiing ddng gdp cu the cua Phat giao Mien Bac ddi vdi sii nghiep giii phdng dan toe niia d i u the ki XX, c i n ban lai 2 van de cd tinh chat li luan lien quan den ndi dung nay.Van de thii nhat: Mdi quan he giiia Phat giao vdi chinh tri xa hdi. Theo Nguyen Tai Thif: "Phat giao khdng ban tdi linh viic chinh tri. Li luan cua nd khdng cd p h i n nao la thuoc ve van de chinh tri - xa hoi"'". Ha Thiic Minh ciing cd quan diem tifdng tii: "Phat giao khdng phii la hoc thuyet ve chinh tri"'^'. ,,:•>•/
Trifdc dd, trong thap nien 50 cua the ki XX, nha xa hdi hoc tdn giao ndi tieng ngUdi Diic Marx Weber ciing tiing nhan dinh nhu vay. Cu the, Marx Weber giii thich: Giae li cua Phat giao khdng lien quan den chinh tri va ddi sdng xa hdi cdng dong bdi vi tdn giao nay chi lien quan den md thiic dao diic va he thd'ng thien dinh cua ca nhan. Do dd, Phat giao khdng nhiing la phi chinh tri (unpolitical) ma tham chi cdn la phan chinh tri (antipolitical)'^'.
Tuy nhien, T r i n Thanh Hoang va Cung Tuan lai chiing minh ngiidc lai.
Theo dd, Phat giao luon cd md'i q u a n he
Lt TAM DAC*'
vdi chinh tri xa hoi. Kinh dien cua tdn giao nay da ham chiia nhieu ndi dung t h i o luan van de xa hdi va chinh tri. Cho nen, quan diem ve chinh tri xa hdi cua Phat giao khdng nhiing cd the iing dung vdi xa hoi ed dai va chinh tri thdi ki phong kien, ma cdn cd the iing dung ddi vdi the gidi hien dai va chinh tri dan chu.
Nhiing sii kien cu the ve quan he giiia Phat giao vdi chinh tri xa hoi the hien trong phong trao dau tranh gianh doc lap dan toe va chd'ng chu nghia thiic dan d nhieu nifdc Chau A cd Phat giao dau the ki XX da chiing minh cho luan diem nay'"". Chiing tdi dong y vdi q u a n diem
*. ThS., Vien Nghien ciiu Tdn giao.
1. Nguyen Tai Thu. Phat giao vd the gidi quan ngudi Viet Nam trong lich sif, trong: May van de ve Phat giao vd lich su tu tudng \ 'let Nam. Uy ban Khoa hoc Xa hdi Viet Nam, Vien Triet hoc. Ha Noi 1986, tr.37,
2. Ha ThiJC Minh. Lich sii tu tudng \'iei Nam vd vdn de Phat gido, trong: May van de ve Phat gido vd lich su tu tudng Viet Nam. Uy ban Khoa hoc Xa hdi Viet Nam, Vien Triei hoc. Ha Ndi 1986, tr.42.
3. Xem: Cung Tuain (Tran Anh Dao dich). Thich I'ttig vdplidn klidng: Thdo luan tif hai dan chi'oig ve nidi quan he gii'fa Phat gido Piiyen thong vd chinli tri Dong A thai ki can dai. Tap chi Nghien ci'ni Ton gido. sd 7 (49), nam 2007, tr.3-12.
4. Xem: Cung Tuan (Tran Anh Dao dich). Thich Ung vd phdn khdng: Thdo luan tii hai ddn chiing ve mdi quan he gii'fa Phat gido truyen thdng vd chinh tri Dong A thdi ki can dai. Tap chi Nghien ciiu Ton gido. sd 7 (49), nam 2007, tr.3-12.
Le Tam Dac. Dong gop cua Phat gido Mien Bac.. 13
ciia T r i n Thanh Hoang va Cung Tuan.
Van de thi2 hai: Ve tinh t h i n yeu nifdc chd'ng ngoai xam cua Phat giao Viet Nam. Chiing tdi tan dong vdi y kien ciia Ha Thiic Minh r i n g , Phat giao nguyen thuy khdng p h i i la mot hoc thuyet ve chu nghia yeu nifdc. Ndi each khac, tinh t h i n yeu nUdc chd'ng ngoai xam khdng phai la bo phan hiiu cd ciia Phat giao. NhUng muo'n ton tai d Viet Nam, vd'n la ndi cd truyen thd'ng chd'ng ngoai xam oanh liet, Phat giao khdng the khdng tham dUdm tinh t h i n yeu nUdc. Cd le chinh ngifdi Viet Nam da thdi vao Phat giao tinh t h i n yeu nifdc'''.
Thiic te lich sii cho thay, ngoai trif thieu sd' trong mot khdng gian va thdi gian nhat dinh nao dd, nhin chung Phat giao Viet Nam ludn dong hanh ciing dan toe. Khi To qud'c lam nguy, nhieu Phat tii san sang "cdi ao ca sa khoac chien bao", nhif ldi tuyen bd' diing dan cua nha sU Thich Minh Nguyet: "Phat giao Viet Nam chi ben viing va cd y nghia khi da biet gan minh vao vdi dan toe Viet Nam, hoa minh trong cdng dong dan toe Viet Nam, khdng the khep kin hoac tach rdi khdi cdng dong dd. Diing trUdc hoa xam lang difdng de doa To qud'c, ngudi Phat tii khdng the ngoi yen go md tung kinh ciu nguyen, mac cho ke thii dem siing den tan sat nhiing ngifdi rudt thit cua minh.
Cd y thiic nhU vay va hanh dong diing nhif vay, tang ni Phat tii mdi the hien diing tinh than "vd nga, vi tha" ciia Diic Phat, nghia la ngifdi Phat tii ludn quen minh ciiu do chiing sinh""^'.
Ngay cudl thap ki 20 the ki XX, trong hoat dong ciing nhU trong phat ngdn cua nhieu nha sii nhiet huyet vdi phong trao chan hifng Phat giao d Mien Bic, nhat la
nViiing thanh men tang nhu Tam Lai, Tam Nha, Tam iing, Tam Thai. Tri Hai,... deu td ro tU tUdng chan hUng Phat giao la mot hinh thiic ciiu qud'c. Vi tu tudng nay, ho da gap rat nhieu khd khan, trd ngai trong cac boat ddng chan hUng Phat giao, ca tif phia chinh quyen thiic dan Phap Ian tii phia cac vi cao tang. Tuy nhien, nhiing khd khan trd ngai dd da khdng ngan c i n dUdc tam Idng yeu nifdc ciia cac tang ni, Phat tii chan chinh.
TrUdc nam 1945, trong Dieu le dang ki vdi chinh quyen, Hdi Phat giao Bac Ky tuyen bd' khdng tham dii cac boat ddng chinh tri, nhUng tren thiic te td chiic Phat giao nay van ung ho cac tang ni, Phat tii va hoi vien cua minh tham gia sii nghiep giai phdng dan toe dUdi nhieu hinh thiic khac nhau.
Thdi ki dien ra phong trao chan htfng Phat giao ciing la thdi ki phong trao each mang d Ha Ndi va d cac tinh thanh Bac Bo rat sdi dong. B i u khdng khi each mang dd da cudn hiit cac t i n g Idp nhan dan, trong dd cd mot bo phan khdng nhd gidi tang ni, Phat tii vao ddng thac ciia phong trao each mang. Nam 1937, trong Chii triidng to chiic mdi ciia Ddng, Trung Udng D i n g Cong s i n Ddng Dudng nhan dinh: "Khdng cd khi nao ma phong trao manh va rong nhu may thang viia qua.
Tii cac t i n g Idp lao ddng cho tdi cac bd phan cap tien trong cac giai cap hiiu sin;
tii cdng s i n cho tdi t i p h a i D i n g Lap
5. Xem: Ha Thiic Minh. Lich sii tu tudng Viet Nam vd vd'n de Phat gido, trong: May vd'n de ve Phdt gido vd lich sii tu tudng Viet Nam. Uy ban Khoa hoc Xa hoi Viet Nam, Vien Triei hoc. Ha Ndi 1986.
6. Dan theo: Ha Thiic Minh. Lich sii tu tudng \'iet Nam vd van de Phdt gido. trong: May vdn de ve Phat gido vd lich sii tu tudng Viet Nam. Uy ban Khoa hoc Xa hdi Viet Nam, Vien Triei hoc. Ha Noi
1986, tr. 47.
I a ' f . ' v H J 'iV.l .>ni'-r. • i > i ;
14 Nghien cuii Ton giao. So'6 - 2008
hien; tii nhiing ke tii do tin ngifdng cho tdi cac ngifdi theo Cao Dai, Thien Chiia, Phat gido; tii ngifdi bon xii cho tdi ngifdi ngoai qud'c (Trung Qud'c. Phap); tii dan toe Viet Nam cho tdi bd lac hau tien; tii phu nii, thieu nien cho tdi ngifdi gia deu bi ldi cudn vao phong trao, deu nd niic va nhiet liet ciing nhau chen vai thich canh tham gia cuoc van dong ddi nhiing yeu ciu thiet thiic""'.
Nhieu tang ni, Phat tii da tham gia tich ciic vao phong trao q u i n chiing. Mat tran Viet Minh cac cap tien tdi cuoc Cach mang Thang Tam nam 1945 vi dai difdi sii lanh dao cua Dang.
Nam 1944, Hdi Phat giao Bic Ky ke't hdp vdi Hdi Thanh (Cdng giao), mot so' to chiic tii thien nhii Hoi Phiic Thien, Hdi Hdp Thien, Hdi Q u i n g Thien, va mot sd' td bad nhu Ddng Phap, Ngo Bao, Trung Bic Tan Van,v.v... thanh lap Ban Ciiu te Miia Ddng de giiip dd dong bao thieu ao chd'ng ret. , , .
D i u nam 1945, trifdc nan ddi ngay cang t r i m trong, Thifdng toa Tri Hai (dai dien Hdi Phat giao Bac Ky tai Ban Ciiu te Miia Ddng) ciing vdi Thifdng tda Td' Lien va cU si Thieu Chiiu t h a n h lap Teng hdi Ciiu te. Difdc sii cdng tac ciia cac thanh vien Ban Ciiu te Miia Ddng, cac nha tri thiic va nha tif thien khap Mien Bac, Tdng hdi Ciiu te da to chiic quyen gdp giiip dd nhiing ngifdi ddi khd, lap Cd nhi vien tai TrUdng Pho Quang nudi hdn 200 tre em that lac, bd vd trong nan ddi. Td'ng hdi cdn lap mot trai nudi dong bao bi ddi tai Nga Tu: Vong - Giap Bat (Ha Noi) ciiu ddi cho hang nghin ngUdi'^'.
Sat ngay dien ra Cach mang Thang Tam, trifdc khi the t h i n g ldi ciia each
mang den r a t gin, bao Dude Tue, cd quan ngdn luan cua Hdi Phat giao Bic Ky, so' bao chdt (so'257-258), ra ngay 15 thang 8 nam 1945, da keu goi: "Tang ni cac hat mau mau lap doan Tang gia Ciiu qud'c, theo muc dich ma tham gia vao cdng cuoc each mang hien thdi". Bia sau cua sd' Dude Tue nay dang nhiing khau hieu va nhiing ldi keu goi nhU:
"Ung ho chinh quyen Nhan Dan
Mau mau gia nhap Doi quan Giai phdng Viet Nam!
Chd'ng moi cuoc xam lang!
Viet Nam doc lap hoan toan!
Hay siia soan nghenh tiep Chinh phii Lam thdi va Doan quan Giai phdng sap ve tdi ndi!
Hay doc Ciiu Qud'c, cd quan cua Mat t r a n Viet Minh"'^*.
Tuy nhien, sii ddng gdp ciia Phat giao Mien Bic cho each mang thiic sii rd rang va tieu bieu sau khi dat nUdc gianh difdc doc lap nam 1945. Cac doan the Tang gia Ciiu qud'c va Phat giao Ciiu qud'c difdc thanh lap d k h i p ndi. Ngay 30 thang 8 nam 1945, tai chiia Phifdng My, Hdi Phat giao Ciiu qud'c phu Thuy Nguyen, tinh Kien An (nay thuoc thanh pho' Hai Phdng) difdc t h a n h lap, dd dng Lifdng Ngdc Tru lam Chu tich, Thifdng toa Thai Hoa lam Trutdng ban Chap hanh. Day la phu bo dau tien d B i c Bo t h a n h lap Phat 7. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Ddng toan tap. Tap 6 (1936-1939). Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi 2000, tr. 226.
8. Hoa thugng Thich Tri Hai. Hdi ki thanh lap Hoi Phdt gido Viet Nam. Nxb Tdn giao. Ha Ndi 2004, tr.
60-65.
9. Dan theo: Nguydn Lang. Viet Nam Phdt gido sii ludn. Tap l-ll-llL Nxb Van hoc. Ha Ndi 2000.
tr.901.
Le Tam Die. Dong gdp cua Phdt gido Mien Bdc. 15
giao Ciiu qud'c. Thifdng toa Thai Hoa cdn la Chii tich Hoi Tang gia Ciiu qud'c tinh Hai Difdng. Ngoai ThUdng toa Thai Hoa, cd nhieu nha sU d Bac Bd tham gia vao cac doan the Tang gia Ciiu qud'c va Phat giao Ciiu qud'c nhif: Thich Tri Do (1894- 1979), Thich Thanh Chan (1905-1989), Thich The Long (1909-1985),v.v..."'"
Cac boat ddng dac thii cua Phat giao nhu ciiu te xa hdi tiep tuc dUdc phat huy, vdi vai trd noi bat cua cac thUdng toa Tri Hai, To' Lien,... Vdi nhiing ke't qua dang ke dat dUdc, ThUdng toa Tri Hai dUdc mdi lam cd' van Bd Ciiu te Xa hoi cua Chinh phii Viet Nam Dan chii Cong hoa. Tren cUdng vi cd' van, dng dUdc tham dii cuoc hop dau tien ciia Bo Xa hdi tai TrUdng Vien Ddng Bac cd, dudi sii chii toa ciia Chii tich Ho Chi Mmh, thanh lap Ban Ciiu ddi Thii dd. ThUdng toa Td Lien dUdc tin nhiem de cii tham gia dai bieu Qud'c hdi khoa I nam 1946.
Cud'i nam 1946, thiic dan Phap tai chiem Viet Nam, nhan dan ta budc vao cuoc khang chien trUdng ki. TrUdc khi the sdi ddng ciia cuoc khang chien, nhieu nha sU cac tinh thanh Bac Bd tinh nguyen len dudng phuc vu hoac triic tiep tham gia chien dau b i o ve Nha nUdc Viet Nam non
t r e . ' ' " ^''' : • ^ • • " ' ' ' • ' • - ' ' • • ' '
ThUdng toa Thanh Chan la Uy vien ThUdng triic Mat tran Lien Khu 3 trong sud't thdi ki khang chien chd'ng Phap.
Dang ke nhat la phong trao "cdi ao ca sa khoac chien bao" dien ra mot each sdi ndi tai nhieu tinh thanh Bic Bd. Sau ngay toan qud'c khang chien, tang ni tinh Kien An da thanh lap Bd doi Tang gia, cd 15 nha sU tinh nguyen cdi ao ca sa xung phong ra chien trUdng. Ngay 27 thang 2 nam 1947, Hoi Phat giao Ciiu qud'c tinh
Nam Dinh, ciing dai dien chinh quyen tinh Nam Dinh, long trong lam le cdi ao ca sa, tien dUa 24 nha sU (cd 2 nU) tdng quan tai tru sd cua Hdi d chua Cd Le (huyen Nam Triic). TrUdc liic nhap ngii, sU Dam Thanh, tu hanh tai chua Co Le, da viet bai thd ndi len tam trang nao nUc ra tran chien dau chd'ng ngoai xam, bao ve To qud'c: • , ^ ,.• • • ..•
Ccli ao ca sa khoac chien bao • ' ' Viec quan dau cd quan gian lao
Gay thien quet sach loai xam lUdc Theo gdt TrUng VUdng td nU bao"".
Trong hang ngii ddng dio tii ve xung phong cua thi xa Ninh Binh va huyen Gia Khanh (tinh Ninh Binh), cd tdi 60 sU nU.
Ho vd'n tu tai cac chiia Chua Bat, Phuc Am, Phiic Chinh, Non Nudc, Bo Diu, Ba Vudng,... Cac nha sU ay nai nit gon gang trong bd quan ao nau, that lUng nau, khan vudng nau, hang hai trong dpi ngii lam cdng tac tiep te, t u i n tieu,... va sau dd p h i n Idn trd thanh ciiu thUdng cua cac ddn vi bo doi chien dau hoac ho li trong cac tram quan y"^'.
Tren thiic te, diing nhU Nguyen Qud'c Tuan nhan xet, sd' tang ni, Phat tii phuc vu hoac triic tiep tham gia chien dau khdng p h i i la hien tUdng tieu bieu cho Phat giao tham gia khang chien. Sd' ddng gidi Phat giao tham gia khang chien mot
10. Xem: Nguy6n Dai Ddng. Chiia Quan Sit. Nxb Tdn giao. Ha Ndi 2006; Nguyen Dai Dong. Phdt gido Bdc Bo trong thdi ki khdng chien chong Phap (1947-1954). Tap chi Nghien ci'fu Phdt hoc. sd 3 (89), nam 2007.
11. Bd Chi huy Quan su tinh Ha Nam Ninh. Hd Nam Ninh: Lich sii khdng chien chd'ng tliifc ddn Phap.
1986, tr. 110.
12. Bd Chi huy Quan su tinh Ha Nam Ninh. Sdd, tr.
110.
16 Nghien cmi Ton giao. So 6 - 2008
each gian tiep. b a n g n h i e u h i n h thiic. tif bat hdp tac vdi ke ngoai x a m va n g u y quyen den nudi dUdng ngUdi k h a n g chien trong cd sd t r u tri ciia m i n h ; p h i i hdp tac tiing m a t vdi k e ngoai x a m . vdi ngUdi cua chinh quyen do thiic d a n l a p ra.v.v...
NhUng n h u n g h o a t ddng tdn giao va nudi dudng t i n h c i m va t a m h o n d a n tdc v a n la mot sii ddng gdp Idn lao vao cdng cuoc k h a n g chien. Dd la mot sii ddng gdp t h i m lang. mot sii ddng gdp k h d n g t i e n g siing.
X h u n g ngudi k h a n g c h i e n vii t r a n g . nhiing ngUdi cdng s i n da n h a n r a dieu dd va t r o n g q u a t r i n h d a u t r a n h da t a n d u n g tdi da sii t h a m gia k h a n g chien k h d n g tieng Sling nay"^'.
Tieu bieu cho P h a t giao Mien Bac gian tiep t h a m gia k h a n g chien la nhiing boat dong cua cac n h a sU trong \Ting t a m dich chiem. ma ThUdng toa To' Lien la mot trong nhiing trUdng hdp dien hinh. Xin d i n mot sd chi tiet cd t i n h tieu bieu ve nhUng hoat ddng ddng gdp cho sii nghiep g i i i phdng dan toe ciia ThUdng toa Td' Lien trudc va sau Cach m a n g T h a n g T a m .
Trudc n a m 1945, k h i q u a n N h a t vao Ha Ndi, ThUdng toa To Lien dUdc Hoi P h a t giao Bac Ky giao n h i e m \TI tiep ddn phai doan P h a t giao X h a t B a n do L a p Hoa Dao X h a n lam t r u d n g doan. cung 3 vi doan \'ien. a n nghi tai chiia Q u a n SU. H a i l i n Lap Hoa Dao X h a n yeu c i u ThUdng toa Td' Lien day t i e n g Viet, dng deu tii chd'i. TrUdc dd, Hdi P h a t giao B i c Ky cU 8 t h a n h nien (xuat gia va tai gia) hoc tieng N h a t , dng p h a n ddi quyet liet, ve s a u chi de lai 2 ngudi hoc. Lap Hoa Dao X h a n chat van ve viec nay. dng t r i ldi:
"Cac \-i ay cdn it tuoi chUa hieu gi ve P h a t p h a p , du hoc t h d n g t i e n g quy qud'c
ciing k h d n g ndi dUdc c h u y e n dao vdi quy n g a i . cdn n h u hoc de t h d n g ngdn thi chi c a n 2 ngUdi la du. X^eu n h u c i n hoc de h o a t d d n g c h i n h t r i vdi q u y n g a i se sai vdi Dieu le ciia b a n Hdi"""".
S a u na^^ n h a n t h a y d o a n P h a t giao N h a t B i n h o a t d d n g k h d n g t h u i n tuy P h a t giao n e n dng d a bd ve Cdn Sdn (Hai D u d n g ) , dUdc vai t h a n g t h i q u a n X'hat d i o c h i n h P h a p .
K h i q u a n P h a p t a i c h i e m H a Ndi, dng k h d n g t a n cU m a d lai v\ cho r a n g chua Q u a n Sii la t r u sd ciia P h a t giao Viet X a m c i n p h a i d u y t r i b o a t ddng. Chiem dUdc H a X'di. q u a n P h a p vao c h u a Q u a n Sii, s a u k h i t r a xet, da b a t dng va ngUdi t h d n g ngdn. Mdt vien q u a n ba P h a p . cam td bad D i e u A m do ThUdng toa Td Lien l a m c h u biit, ndi:
"X'ude P h a p s a n g b a o ho An N a m va md m a n g n e n t h i n h vUdng cho nUdc anh, k h a i hoa cho d a n a n h t i e n bd, cac a n h da k h d n g dn t h i chd lai cdn n h u c m a nUdc P h a p den t h a m te la n g h i a l a m sao. Bao cua a n h la cd q u a n t r u y e n b a dao diic ma di n h u c m a mdt nUdc cd dn l a m vdi nUdc a n h , t h e la dao diic a? A n h la ngUdi chu b u t td bao dao diic lai de cho n h a n vien toa s o a n n h u c m a nUde P h a p la nUdc cd dn h u e vdi An N a m , t h e la dao diic a?".
O n g t r i ldi: :.!-.'•• •
13. Nguyen Qudc Tua'n (chii nhiem). Ddc diem vd vai trd cua Phdt gido \ 'let Nam the ki XX. D6 tai Khoa hoc cap Bd. Ha Ndi 2006, tr.l46.
14. Dan theo: Biii Huu Duac. Ddi net ve cuoc ddi vd ddng gdp ciia Hod thuang Thich Td Lien cho dao phdp vd ddn toe, tham luan tai Hdi thao khoa hoc;
Hod thuang Td Lien (1903-1977) trong su nghiep .xdy dung Phdt gido \'iet Nam vd Phdt gido the gidi td chiic tai Chiia Quan Su-, Ha Ndi, ngay 30 thang 3 nam 2007.
Le Tam Die. Dong gop cua Phdt gido Mien Bac. 17
"Ndi ngUdi Phap md mang cho nUdc chiing tdi phon thinh, khai hoa cho dan chiing tdi tien bd, dieu dd chiing nhan la cd. NhUng neu khi nUdc chiing tdi da dUdc md mang, phon thinh, dan chiing tdi da dUdc tien bo va trUdng thanh ma nUdc Phap t r i lai nen doe lap cho dan chiing tdi thi dan chiing tdi khdng quen dn nUdc Phap; trai lai, nUdc Phap da khdng lam the de cho bon thiic dan Phap ap dung chinh sach quyet dinh vinh vien nd le hoa dan chiing tdi. Bon thiic dan Phap da giet hai, til day bao nhieu nha ai qud'c cua chiing tdi, g i n day lai de cho dan chiing tdi chiu nan ddi ret, chet den nhUng 2 trieu ngudi. Ke den bon thiic dan Phap hen nhat de Nhat cudp mat quyen d nUdc tdi, dUa dan chiing tdi den t h i m trang nd le mot l i n niia, bdi vay chiing tdi nhuc ma bon thiic dan Phap chU khdng nhuc ma nUdc Phap. Lai cdn mot dieu tdi xin hdi: Khi nudc DUc chien thang Phap dat nen thd'ng tri, liic dd cac dng la dan Phap, cac dng hoan hd quan Diic hay nhuc ma quan Diic?
Nen giao due truyen thd'ng yeu nUdc ciia Viet Nam chiing tdi la d thdi dai nao dan anh hiing thi nUdc doc lap, thdi dai nad dan hen nhat thi nUde bi dd ho, dan bi nd le. Tdi day tu hanh theo dao li Diic Phat Thich Ca, NgUdi la t h i y doc nhat cua tdi, khdng day chiing sinh nUdc nao cay Idn manh di xam lang b i o ho, ciing khdng day chiing sinh nUdc nhd yeu cii phii ciii CO vinh viln lam nd le cho bon chiing sinh nUdc Idn thd'ng tri. Huong chi tdi cdn cd bon phan phuc vu To qud'c tdi, phung sii nhan dan tdi. Vay ma giiia liic nhan dan tdi mdi biing tinh, trdi day chien dau hi sinh de gianh doc lap, le tat nhien tdi phii phat huy nen giao due truyen thd'ng yeu
nUdc, van ddng hd hao cho ho diing manh.
tinh tien trUdc tinh t h i n dao dUc each mang quyet chien, quyet thang dem lai vinh quang cho Td qud'c, cho dan tdc""".
Sau nhiing l i n dung cac bien phap ciing ran khdng dUdc, quan Phap lay ldi ich du dng. Chiing cho ngUdi den chiia Quan Sii ndi; "Cac may mdc va dung cu nha m Dude Tue d chiia Te Do quan doi chiing tdi lay lai dUdc, ThUdng toa chi viec bien thU den xin, chiing tdi se tra lai cho". Ong t r i ldi: "Tdi d lai khdng tan cif la vi dao nghia chU khdng vi danh ldi, pham lam viec gi cd the bi mang tieng la Viet gian thi tdi khdng lam, cdn nhU ngUdi Phap gay chien tranh sau nay se phai boi thudng, dUdng nhien chiing tdi dUdc hudng sii boi thudng nha in Dude Tue""'''.
Khi sU Thiet va sU Dan d chua Dao Xuyen boat ddng khang chien bi dich bat giam cim d nha tii Hoa Ld (Ha Ndi), dng da lien lac vdi ngUdi cai nguc xin cho tiep te q u i n ao va tien bac, lai khuyen ngUdi dUa di lam de 2 nha sU trd'n thoat. Ong cdn khuyen khich tin dd sam quin ao.
thud'c men dUa dng giii vao Hoa Ld, quyen tien bieu cac tii nhan bi giam rach rUdi, benh tat nhUng chi dUdc vai l i n bi Id nen p h i i ngUng.
Khi Qud'c trUdng Bio Dai tif nUdc ngoai ve Da Lat, Tdng tran Bac Viet Nghiem Xuan Thien yeu ciu Hdi Phat giao Viet Nam cii dng va Bui Thien Cd (Hoi trUdng) vao Da Lat yet kien. Gap Qud'c trUdng Bao Dai, dng dem chuyen khang chien anh diing cua nhan dan ndi cho Bao Dai nghe, ta het tham trang l i m 15. Bui Hiru Dugc. Bai da ddn.
16. Bill Hifu Duoc. Bai da dan.
18 Nghien ciiu Ton giao. So 6 - 2008
t h a n d a u kho cua n h a n d a n n h i i n g k h i bi q u a n dich can q u e t . :'• :! - ijv' . 'sii '•Iw
Ciing t r o n g dip nay, Tong trUdng Bd Giao due k i e m Bd L i n g h i N g u y i n K h d a Toan r a Ha Ndi, den t h a m chiia Q u a n Sii, de nghi: "Qud'c trUdng da ve nUdc, n g a i da gianh dUdc dec lap, t r d n g nUde da h o a binh, tdi de n g h i 2 to chiic P h a t giao v a n ddng cho t o a n t h e cac Giao hoi T a n g gia va cac Chi hdi P h a t giao t o a n B i c Bd cii h a n h dai le m i i n g h o a b i n h doe lap". O n g dap: "Hien viec k h a n g chien cdn d a n g dii ddi, n h a n d a n cdn d a n g l i m t h a n d a u k h d ve moi m a t , thiic d a n P h a p c a n q u e t da m a n , l a m gi cd hoa b i n h doc l a p . Viec ndi bd ciia ta, ngUdi P h a p v a n giii q u y e n t r o n g yeu, n h a n d a n t a chUa t h a y nUde n h a doc lap t h a t sii thi t h e o y chiing tdi, dai le hoa b i n h doc l a p n a y h a y xin hoan""''. Y k i e n n a y cua dng dUdc n h i e u ngUdi u n g ho n e n dai le dd k h d n g dUde td chiic. '•• . • •• :• . M ., , ).M !:,, N a m 1950, c h i n h p h u n g u y q u y e n da cii p h a i doan P h a t giao Viet N a m , do ThUdng toa To' Lien l a m T r u d n g doan, dii Hdi nghi P h a t giao T h e gidi tai Colombo, Sri L a n k a . TrUdc k h i x u a t h a n h , m a c d u budc p h a i n h a n mot k h o i n t i e n trd cap Id phi cua Thii h i e n Bac Viet N g u y e n Hiiu T r i , n h U n g t r e n dUdng s a n g An Do, k h i
d o a n vao S a i G d n g a p Bd Ngoai giao nguy q u y e n , ThUdng toa Td' Lien da t u y e n bd' diit k h o a t : "Chiing tdi di d a y chi la phai d o a n P h a t giao Viet N a m , chii khdng p h i i la p h a i d o a n P h a t giao do c h i n h phii cii di de t r a n h la P h a t giao di l a m chinh t r i . N e u p h a i d o a n P h a t giao chiing tdi chi di vdi n h i e m vu ay t h i tdi mdi n h a n di vdi t r a c h n h i e m trUdng p h a i doan P h a t giao Viet Nam""*".
Tif n h i i n g sii k i e n n e u t r e n va qua mot sd' b o a t d d n g b e n le Hoi n g h i P h a t giao t h e gidi n a m 1950 t a i A n Do cho thay q u a n d i e m va viec l a m ciia ThUdng toa To' Lien k h i d lai viing dich t a m chiem, cu t h e la c h u a Q u a n Sii, H a Ndi, n h a m am t h i m giii gin dao m a c h t r o n g cdn binh Ilia va u n g ho C h i n h p h u k h a n g chien Hd Chi M m h .
T d m lai, t r o n g d i e u k i e n ciia chinh q u y e n thiic d a n , cua p h o n g t r a o dau t r a n h yeu nUdc va each m a n g dUdng thdi, P h a t giao M i e n Bac da cd n h i e u ddng gdp thiic sii cho sii n g h i e p giai p h d n g dan toe trUdc, t r o n g va s a u C a c h m a n g T h a n g T a m n a m 1945./.
.1); ;;•!) liHtJ ^: H)
, . ' • * • ,
17. Biii Huu Dugc. Bai da dan.
18. Thugng toa Td Lien. Ki sif phdi doan Phdt gido Viet Nam di An Dp vd Tich Lan. Nxb Tdn giao. Ha Ndi 2007, tr. 25-26.
''••> Ou.a ^lOtiif. jlfi-fi i^.
^ " 0 ' : ; i ;.;,v;>M .ori oaif T>
nr.) it;'lit xyy ,.
:\>\..-, 5:^11-'
. • • , \ ' -
