DANH GIA KET QUA TAC DONG TAO TRAM VA THI TRl/dNG TIEU THU TINH DAU TRAM Hl/ONG
Le Van Thanh, Nguyen Huy Sdn Vien Khoa hgc Lam nghiep Viet Nam
TOM TAT
Nghien ciiu nhim danh gia dugc kha nang tic d6ng tao tram tren ciy Do trim {Aquilaria crassna) bing cac che phim hoi hgc khic nhau trong sin xuit, dong thoi h\x6c diu danh gia thi trucrng tieu thu tinh diu uim huong. Ket qua dieu tra cho thi'y hien nay trong san xuit a nude ta co khi nhieu cic che phim tao trim khac nhau, chii yeu li cic che ph^m hoi hgc. Phin tich cac miu g5 dugc tac dgng bang cac che phim hoi hgc khic nhau cho thi'y luy ham lugng tinh dau bien dgng trong cac miu g6 theo tuoi ciy vi cac che phim tic dgng vao thin ciy chua thit ro, nhung ciing co chieu huong ting len khi co tie dgng cac hoa chit vio thin ciy va khi tuoi ciy tang, nhit la tren ciing mgt ciy, gd a vi tri tic dgng co him lugng tinh diu cao han g6 a vi tri khong tic dgng khi ro. Thi truong mua bin tieu thu tinh dau Uam tren the gioi kha rgng ldn, nhitng cac co sd kinh doanh trim huong va tinh dau trim ciia nude ta chua tie'p cin va mua ban true tiep dugc vdi thi trudng nudic ngoii, thudng phai bin qua trung gian nen gia ca thap so vd'i gii tri thuc Uen thi trucJng nudfc ngoai. Thi trudng trong nudc chua ro ring va vin li thi trudng "ngam".
Tir khoa: Ciy Do trim, Khi nang tao trim, Thi trudng tinh diu.
DAT VAN DE
Ciy Dd tram {Aquilaria crassna) cdn ggi la ciy Tram huang, mgt sd dia phuong ggi la cay Tdc, la cay cd kha nang sinh trim trong than. Tram huong va tinh diu chict suit tir Trim huang dugc con ngudi biet tdi tit xa xua vi cd rit nhidu cdng dung. Trong y hgc cd tmydn dung lam thudc chiia tri cac chiing benh nhu dau ngirc, hen suydn, khd thd, cam han, dau bung, lgi tieu, trg tim, thip khdp,... Trong cdng nghiep my phim diing lam chit dinh huang, che bien cic loai diu tham, nudc hoa cao cip,... Trong tin ngudng dung lam huang nhang va nen ddt trong cac dip le tet, diing khi hoa tang hoic udp xic ngudi qua CO,... (La Dinh Mai vi cdng su, 2007). Tuy cd nhidu cdng dung va nhu cau sir dung len, nhung Tram huong tit nhien da can kict. Phong Uio Uong rirng Dd Uam vi tao tram tren ciy Dd tram ciing phat trien kha manh trong thdi gian vira qua. Hien nay cd nhifiu thdng tin tao Tram thanh cdng tren ciy Dd trim, nhung chua cd mdt cdng trinh nghien ciru dinh lugng dugc khi nang tao Trim rd rang d miic do nio. Vi'n dd lao trim tren ciy Dd trim va thi trucmg lieu thu tinh diu Trim hien nay dang la van dd thdi sudugc rit nhieu ngudi quan tim.
Chuyen dd "Dinh gii ket qua tic ddng tao trim va thi trudng tieu thu tinh dau Trim huang" la mgt ndi dung quan trgng ciia dd tai "Nghien ciiu danh
gii thuc Uang va phit trien bdn vung ciy Dd trim {Aquilaria spp.)" giai doan 2007-2010. Chuyen de nham dinh gii dugc kha nang tic dgng tao Trim bing cac che phim hoi hgc khic nhau thdng qua vice xic dinh him lugng tinh diu trong cac miu gd, ddng thdi budc diu dinh gii thi trudng tieu thu tinh diu uim hien nay d ca trong va ngoai nudc.
VAT UEU vA PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CLTU Vat lieu nghien ciiru
- Rimg trdng Dd trim tip trung hoic phin tan tCr 7-20 nim tudi, khong tic ddng vi da tic dgng tao Trim bang cic che phim hoa hgc khac nhau d mdt so viing sinh thai chinh.
- Loii ciy chii ye'u \a Aquilaria crassna.
Phuong phap nghien cihi
- Thu thip thong tin vd cic che pham tic ddng tao trim, khi nang chung cat tinh diu trong san xuat theo phuang phip didu tra khao sit ket hgp vdi phuang phap phdng vi'n cac co sd sin xuat.
- Miu gd Dd trim dugc thu thip tir ciy cdn sdng theo phuang phip dien hinh d timg cip tudi, d timg vung vdi cic che phim hoi hgc tic ddng khac nhau, miu gd li'y d vi tri tir 0,5-2,0m, noi dugc tic ddng dien hinh nhat. Ngoai ra, cdn li'y miu d vi tri tuang irng tren nhiing ciy chua tic dgng ciing nam tudi va Cling didu kien lip dia lam ddi chiing.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009 1105
- Mlu gd dugc che nhd va nghidn thanh dam, kich thudc dim cd chidu rdng tii I-1,5mm va chidu dai tii l-2cm, phoi khd khdng khi 6 Uong nha trong thdi gian 7 ngay.
- Ham lugng tinh diu xac dinh theo ISO 6571 va dugc tinh theo cdng thiic:
V.IOO
Q (%) = x 100 G(lOO-Cl)
Trong dd: Q la ham lugng tinh diu tinh bing % sd ml tinh diu/lOOg miu tiiii d trang thii khd tuydt ddi; V la thd tich tinh diu trong dng do tfnh bing ml;
G la trgng lugng miu thii tinh bang gam; Cl la dd im miu thii tfnh bang %.
- Dinh gii thi trudng tinh diu Trim sii dung phuong phip didu tra khao sat k^t hgp vdi phuong phap phdng vHn va phuong phap chuydn gia.
KET QU A vA T H A O LUAN
Cac che phim tac dong tao trdm trong san xuiit Bang 1. Cac che pham tac dong tao
Hien nay cd kha nhidu co sd san xuit cd cac loai ch^phim tao tf-im khac nhau. Tiiy nhidn, chuydn dd nay mdi chi tidp cin va didu tra dugc 9 co sd san xuit (bang 1). Kaft qua didu tra 9 co sd san xuit cho thiy hidn nay cd it nhit 9 loai chd phim tao trim va dugc chia lam 2 nhdm chfnh la: nhdm chd phim hoa hgc va nhdm chd phim sinh hgc. Trong nhdm ch^
phim sinh hgc mdi tim hi^u dugc 2 loai, dd la chef phim ciia Cdng ty TNHH Lim Vidn (Ha Ndi) va chd phim ciia cua Cdng ty TNHH Phiing Anh (Tiiydn Quang), ca 2 loai chd phim smh hgc nay da dugc Cue Sd hihi tri tud cip "Giiy chiing nhin dang k^ nhan hidu" hoac "Bang ddc quydn sang chd", cdn lai h^u hdt cac chd phim hoa hgc chua cho bidt rd thanh phin va ciing chua dang ky nhan hidu.
Ridng chd phim ciia dng Huynh Truru cho bidt chd phim cua dng la acid sunfuric va Sodium metan bisunfit. Ngoai ra, cdn cd phuong phap thii 3 la ddng dinh sit v i thin ciy, nhung khdng hidu qua va rit It dugc ap dung.
tram trong san xuat tinh den 30/7/2008 Sd
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9
Ten CO sd san xua't Doanh nghiep tu nhin Hdng Nggc Du an riing Mua Chi nhanh cua CT Dd biu huang Trang trai San Thuy Ong Huynh Trim Ong Pham Qudc Ndi
C.ty CR SX&DV Trim huang H.Ngi Cong ty TNIUI L i m Vien
Cong ty TNHH Phiing Anh
Dia chi
Khdi 7, thi tran Niii Thanh, Quang Nam
Nui Dai, huyen Tri Ton, An Giang.
Xa Tam Xuan 1, huyen Niii thanh, Quang Nam
a'p 4, xa Phii An, huyen Tin Phu, Ddng Nai
Xa San Giang, huyen Binh Long, Binh Phudc
Thon 1, xa Que Binh, huyen Hiep Diic, Q. Nam
Sd 57 ngdi Ddng Xa, Mai Dich, Ciu Gii'y, Ha Ndi Sd 117 Duang Quang Ham, Quan I loa, Ciu Giay, Ha Ngi
Td 11/9 thi tran VTnh L6c, huyen Chiem Hoa, Tuyen Quang
Loai che pham Hoa hgc Hoa hgc h o i hgc boa hgc hoa hgc boa hgc Hoa hgc Sinh hgc
Sinh hgc
Thanh phan che pham
Bl mat Bl m i l Bi mat B i m i t
Acid sunfuric va Sodium metan bisunfit
B i m i t Bi m i t
- Bao tii n i m Phialophora sp va Fusarium sp: lOVg;
- Tinh bgt: 5g;
- Glucose: lOg;
-Potex: 100ml.
- La Dd tuoi: 40-46%;
- Bdt gao te: 50-56%;
- Sau Pyralididea: 1,4-1,8%;
- N u d c : 1,8-2,2%;
- LJ len men 24 gio.
1106 TAP CHI KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP S . 2009
Ket qua didu tra cdn cho thi'y du sir dung che phim nao cung ddu phai giy thuang tich cho ciy bing each diing khoan cd dudng kinh miii khoan tir 0,8-1,0cm khoan siu vao tir 1/3-1/2 dudng kinh thin ciy, sau dd mdi dua cac che phim vao Id khoan. Rieng Dir an Rimg mua thuc hien d An Giang cdn khoan Id kha rdng, dudng kinh khoang tir 1,6-1,8cm, sau dd ddng dng nhua (dng nudc) sau vao thin ciy 10cm rdi mdi cho che phim vao. Theo phuang phip nay, hiu het cay Dd trim ddu hi rdng rudt sau khi tic ddng 1 nim.
Quan sat pham vi bien ddi miu sic ciia gd quanh vi tri tic ddng thi thi'y che phim hoi hgc hieu qui hem che phim sinh hgc. Neu su dung hoa chit qua manh sau 1 nam hiu het ciy da tic dgng ddu hi rdng mdt, mdt sd ciy bi chet. Neu sir dung che phim sinh hgc thi pham vi bie'n ddi mau sic cua gd rit hep, sau 1 nam gd phia ngoii se bit kin Id khoan, vi the khi sir dung che phim sinh hgc sau 1 nam phai khoan va dita them che phim vao Id khoan mdt Iin nira. Tuy nhien, de danh gia dugc chinh xac ban cin phai phin tich ham lugng va chat lugng tinh diu chung cit tit cic miu gd.
Ham lugng tinh dau trong cac miu gd Do chua thu dugc cac miu gd tic ddng bang cac che phim sinh hgc, nen trong pham vi ket qua nay mdi chi dinh gia dugc kha nang tao trim cua cac che phim hoa hgc. Tii 15 miu gd da thu thip vi phin tich cho thi'y ham lugng tinh diu trong cac miu khdng tuin theo mdt quy luit nhit dinh, miu sd 10 d Kien Giang tir ciy 8 mdi, mac du
D|3 12cm, mdi tic ddng dugc 12 thing da lam rdng rudt, sd Id tic ddng tren thin ciy khi diy, nhung ham lugng tinh diu lai cao nhit va dat
0,1734% (bang 2). Trong khi dd, miu sd 1 la gd ciy 20 nim mdi d Kien Giang da tic ddng dugc 36 thangvamausd51agdcay II nam tudi dAn Giang da tic ddng dugc 12 thing bang che phim tuang tu thi cung lam rdng rudt nhung ham lugng tinh diu chi dat 0,0578%. Miu sd 11 va 12 cung la 7 nam tudi d Ha Tinh vi ciing dugc tic ddng bing che phim hoa hgc ciia doanh nghiep tu nhin Hdng Nggc, thdi gian tic ddng nhu nhau la 28 thing, dudng kinh ngang nguc gin bang nhau (20 vi 22cm), nhung ham lugng tinh diu lai rit khac nhau, miu sd II chi cd 0,0584%, miu sd 12 lai dat 0,1162%. Hon nixa, ham lugng tinh diu trong cay nhidu tudi ciing khdng cao ban cay it tudi trong pham vi tir 7-20 nam tudi. Didu nay chirng td rang ham lugng tinh dau trong ciy Dd trim cdn phu thuge vao rit nhidu ye'u td khac nhau.
Neu so sanh giiia ciy dugc tic ddng vi ciy khong dugc tac ddng tao tram cimg nam tudi, ciing dia diem trdng nhu miu sd 2 va miu sd 3, miu so 8 va miu sd 9 thi thi'y ham lugng tinh diu Uong miu gd dugc tic ddng tao trim cd xu hudng cao hon miu khdng tie ddng. Nhung d cic miu sd 7, sd 8 vi sd 9 thi khdng hoin toan nhu vay, dii cd tic ddng tao trim dugc 24 thing thi ham lugng tinh diu cua miu sd 7 ciing chi dat 0,0872%, Uong khi dd miu khdng tic ddng la miu so 9 lai cd ham lugng tinh diu dat tdi 0,1156%.
Rd rang la ham lugng tinh dau trong ciy Dd tram cdn phu thudc vao cic ye'u td khac chii' khdng phai chi rieng che phim tic ddng vao cay Dd trim.
Tuy nhien, ham lugng tinh diu trong da sd miu cd xu hudng ting len d nhiing ciy ldn tudi han va d nhirng ciy dugc tic ddng tao tram trong ciing mgt didu kien sinh thai va che phim nhu miu 2 so vdi miu 3, miu 8 so vdi miu 9 va miu 13sovdimiu 14.
Bang 2. Ham I Udng tinh dau chung cat tif cay Do tram TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 R 9 10 11
Dia diem lay m i u
Ha Tien, Kien Giang
Niii Thanh, Q. Nam ( Hdng Nggc) Nui 'Hianh, Q. Nam (Hdng Ngoc) Phudc Long, B. Phudc (H. Trim) Tri Ton, An Giang (DA. Rimg mua) Hiep Diic, Q. Nam (R Q. Noi) Can LOG, Ha 'ITnh (Hdng Ngoc) Can Loc, Ha Tinh (Hdng Ngoc) Can Loc, Ha Tinh (Hdng Ngoc) Ha Tien, Kien Giang
Huong Khe, Ha ITnh (1 long Nggc)
Tudi cay (nam)
=20 15 15 13 11 11 8 8 8 8
7
T.gian t.dgng (thing)
=36 18
0 24 12 12 24 24 0 12
28
Mau sac tinh dau
Canh gian Canh gian Vang nhat Canh gian Canh gian Canh gian Canh gian Vang nhat Vang nhat Canh gian
sim Canh gian
nhat
Trang thai vat ly tinh
dau Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap Ldng nhdt Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap
H.lugng tinh dau (% V/W)
0,0578 0,1445 0,1329 0,1156 0,0578 0,1445 0,0872 0,1445 0,1156 0,1734 0,0584
TAP CHi KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009 1107
12 13
14 15
Huang Khe, Ha Tinh (Hdng Nggc) Niii Thanh, Q. Nam (CT Dd biu huang Tp. HCM)
Niii Thanh, Q. Nam
(CI^ Dd biu huang Tp. HCM) Niii ITianh, Quang Nam ( C r Dd biu huang Tp. HCM)
7
7
7 Khdng
rd
28
7
0 Khong
rd
Canh gian nhat Vang nhat
Vang nhat Canh gian
Dac nhu sap
Dac nhu sap
Dac nhu sap Dac nhu sap
0,1162
0,1329
0,1156 0,1156 Trang thii vit ly, mui vi va miu sic tinh diu la
hinh thirc bieu hien bdn ngoai ciia chi't lugng tinh diu, nhin vao trang thii vat ly, mau sic va ngiii mui, ngudi cd kinh nghidm vc tinh diu cd thd danh gii dugc chit Immg cua nd. Trong 15 miu tinh diu chi cd 1 miu (miu 4) d Uang thii long va nhdt, 14 miu cdn lai die va xd'p nhu sip. Vc miii thi tit ca cic miu ddu cd miii tham die trimg. Vd miu sic thi ddu cd mau vang nhat de'n mau cinh giin sim va nhe ban nudc.
Ham lugng tinh dau tf 2 vj tri khac nhau tren cimg mgt cay
Khi quan sit Wnh thiic bieu hien ra bdn ngoai la mau sic ciia gd cho tha'y xung quanh vi tri tic ddng tao trim, gd cd mau xim den hoic vfit den nhu nhiing sgi tdc ma ngudi ta ggi la Trim tdc, cdn noi cich xa vi tri tic ddng trdn ciing mdt ciy thi cd man tring tu nhien cua gd, cd thd noi dd chua hi anh hudng cua bien phap tac ddng hoac che phim tao Trim. Xui't phit tii nhin dinh nay, thi nghiem tach rieng 2 phin gd cd mau sic phin biet tren cung mdt
ciy d tudi 15 vi tudi 8 de phin tich tinh diu, cac miu d tudi 15 va mdi 8 deu dugc tic ddng bing che phim cua doanh nghidp tu nhin Hdng Nggc.
Ket qua phin tich (bang 3) cho thiy ham lugng tinh diu cua gd xung quanh vi tri tic ddng ludn cao han noi gd tring trdn ciing mdt ciy. Nhu viy, noi cd vdt thuang vi che phim tic ddng da tich tu tinh dau cao ban nai khdng cd tic ddng. Didu niy cho thi'y tic ddng tao Trim cd tfch tu tinh diu quanh vi tri tie ddng nhung chua rd nguyen nhin tich tu tinh diu la do vdt thuong co gidi hay do che phim hoi hgc.
Mau sic ciia tinh diu d 2 vi trf niy cung khic nhau, tinh diu chiet suit tir phin gd xung quanh vi tri tic ddng thi cd man ving sim nhu man cinh gian, cdn tinh diu chung cit dugc tii noi gd trang thi cd mau ving nhat. Trang thai vit ly tinh diu ciia ca 4 miu gd nay ddu die nhu sip, cd miii thorn die tnmg cua tinh diu Trim. Kdt qua nay ciing khi gidng ket qua phin tich tinh diu cua cic miu gd ciia ciy tic ddng so vdi ciy khdng tic ddng dbang 2.
Bang 3. Ham lu&ng tinh dau 6 cac vi trf khac nhau tren cung mot cay
TT m i u
1
2
3
4
Dia diem lay mau
Niii Thanh, Q. Nam (DN. Hdng Ngoc) Cung cay vdi mSu sd 1 6 tr6n
Niii Thanh, Q. Nam (DN. Hong Nggc) Ciing cay vdi mSu sd 3 d Ircn
Tudi cay (nam)
15
15
8
8
Dac diem mau go
Phin gd bien mau quanh vi tri tac ddng
PhSn gd tring Phin gd bie'n mau quanh vi tri tac dgng
Phin gd tring
Mau sac cua tinh
dau
Canh gian Vang
nhat Canh gian
nhat Vang
nhat
Trang thai vat ly ciia
tinh dau Dac nhu
sap Dac nhu
sap Dac nhu
sap Dac nhu
sap
Ham lugmg tinh dau
% (v/w) 0,L506 0,0903 0,1796
0,1204 Thi trirdng tieu thu tinh dau Tram
Thi trudng nudc ngodi
Thdng qua cac kdnh thdng tin da cdng bd cua eg quan Hii quan cic nudc nhip khiu tinh diu Trim vi mdt sd ngudn thdng tin khic, hidn nay tren the
gidi cd tdi 167 qudc gia va vimg lanh thd nhip khiu, budn ban va tieu thu loai sin phim nay. Chi tinh ridng tfir nim 2002-2006, toan the' gidi da tidu thu khoang 167.554 tin tinh diu Trim, binh quin mdi nam nhip khiu v i tieu thu hon 33.500 tin. Trong dd, cd 6 nudc nhip khiu sd lugng tinh diu Trim ldn
1108 TAP CHi KHOA HOC L A M NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009
nhit (tren lO.OOOtin) gdm: My (29.138tin); Phip (15.352ti'n); Mexico (14.962tin); Tiy Ban Nha ( 1 3 . 1 5 5 t i n ) ; Anh ( 1 2 . 5 8 2 t i ' n ) va Diic (10.647tin);... (Dinh Xuin Ba, 2007).
Tuy nhien, ket qua didu tra duoc tii ca sd dii lieu cua ITC va COMTRADE cho thi'y tinh diu Trim nudc ta mdi tie'p can va cd mat tai 22/167 thi trudng ciia the gidi (bang 4) vdi sd lugng tinh diu chi
chie'm 1,16% thi phin toan cau. Nhu vay, tinh diu Trim nudc ta cdn rat han che 1 uu thong thuang mai trong thi trudng rdng Um cua the gidi. Dac biet, nhiing thi trudng ldn, tinh diu cua nudc ta da tiep cin dugc, nhung chua true tiep de'n dugc vdi thi trudng tieu diing ma phai qua thuang mai trung gian, diy la vin dd can phai quan tim thio gd trong thdi gian tdi.
Bang 4. Thj tru&ng cac nudc nhap khau tinh dau Tram cua Viet Nam tCf 2002-2006 Sdtt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Thj trudng (qudc gia) Brazil
My Bi Estonia
CO
Trung Qudc Israel Phap Anh Mexico Tay Ban Nha Diic
Thuy Sy Uc Ha Lan Singapore Canada Philippines Dl liLoan Y Malaysia yVi D o
Cong
Sd lugng (1000kg) 239 433 14 1 7 456 32 113 275 15 106 25 3 23 16 - 36 23 45 69 3 5 1939
Don gia (USD/kg) 11,47
5,63 12 23 14,14 6,33 107,16 12,8 4,86 5,87 4,95 7,88 21,33 6,04 5 - 5,78 2,48 3,82 6,23 4,33 4,6 8,55
Giatri(lOOOUSD) 2.741 2.438 168 23 99 2.887 3.429 1.446 1.336 88 525 197 64 139 80 11 208 57 172 430 13 23 16.576 Theo To chuc EAO thi gii tinh diu Trim tren thi
tmdng the gidi giao dong khoang tir 5.000- lO.OOOUSD/lit, nhung tinh diu Trim Vict Nam dugc mua vdi gii rat thip. Theo Dinh Xuin Ba (2007) thi dan gii nhip khiu tinh diu Trim tii Viet Nam cua cac nudc rit khic nhau, thip nhit dcac thi trudng: Philippine, Dai Loan, Malaysia, An Do, Tay Ban Nha, Anh, Mexico, Dire, Ha Lan, My, Canada, Uc, Y, Trung Qudc,... dudi lOUSD/kg; cao nhit la thi trudng Israel vdi gia 106,16USD/kg.
Thi trudng trong nuac
'llico ket qua didu tra tir 2007-2008, sd ca sd chung cat tinh diu Trim nudc ta chua nhidu. CTio den nay mdi chi cd mdt sd co sd chung cit nhu doanh nghiep tu nhin 1 Idng Nggc d Quang Nam cd
60 ndi chung cit cd nhd (17kg/mc nau), doanh nghiep tu nhin TTig Nga d Hi Tinh cd 20 ndi (17kg/me niu), Cdng ty Dd biu huang cd chi nhinh d Quang Nam cd 20 ndi (17kg/mc nau) nhung da tam ngiing boat ddng tir dau nam 2008, Cty TNITH Lim Vien Ha Ngi cd 5 ndi dang hoat ddng (lOOkg/me niu) ciing tam ngimg hoat ddng tir diu nam 2008, Trang trai Son Thuy d Cit Tien- Dong Nai cd 2 ndi ldn (200kg/me niu),... Phan ldn cac ca sd chung cit tinh diu dang trong giai doan thir nghiem. Rieng doanh nghiep tu nhin Hdng Nggc d Quang Nam cd quy md ldn nhat da di vao san xuit, thing 12/2007 da mua 1555 ciy Dd trim d Cdng ty Cao su Ha TTnh dc chung cit tinh diu.
Tinh diu chung cit dugc ban cho tu thuong d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh vdi gia tir 7000-10.000,USD/lit
TAP CHI KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009 1109
lim hang "sach tay" ban sang Aa Dd. Dd chinh xac ciia thdng tin chua dugc kidm chiing vi mit hing nay vin la hing "cim" va vi nhidu ly do tdnhi khac ndn chua xac dinh dugc dd chinh xac cua thdng tin.
Nhu viy, thi trudng trong nudc chua cd hoac chua hinh thinh rd rang.
KET LUAN vA TON TAI K e t l u ^
- Trong sin xuit hidn nay cd it nhit Ii 9 loai chd phim tic ddng tao Trim. Trong dd cd 2 nhdm chinh la cac chd phim hda hgc vi sinh hgc. Trong nhdm sinh hgc cd 2 loai chd phim da dugc Cue Sd hiiu tri me cip "Gii'y chiing nhin nhan hidu" cua Cdng ty TNHH Phiing Anh Tuydn Quang vi "Bang ddc quydn sing chd'" cua Cdng ty p f f l H Lim Vidn Ha Ndi. Dii six dung loai chd phim nao thi didu kidn cin vin phai tic ddng CO gidi vao thin ciy.
- Ham lugng tinh diu trong cac miu gd bidn ddng theo tudi ciy vi cic chd phim tao Trim chua rd, tihung ham lugng tinh diu trong da sd cic miu phin rich dugc cd chidu hudng tang ldn khi hi tic ddng d ciing dd tu6i v i ciing trdng d mdt viing sinh thii. Die bidt trdn cung mdt ciy, quanh vi tri tao vdt thuang vdd cic chd phim tie ddng cd ham lugng
tinh diu cao hon vi tri gd trang khdng cd vdt thuong va chd phim tac ddng.
- Thi trudng tidu thu tinh diu trim ti^dn thd' gidi kha rdng Idn, cac co sd kinh doanh tinh diu trim d nudc ta chua tidp cin va giao dich thuctng mai true tidp dugc vdi thi trudrng nudc ngoai, hiu hdt phai qua trung gian ndn gii ban rit thip so vdi don gii thuc, thi trudng trong nudc thi chua ro rang, chua xic dinh thi trudng cu thd va vin la thi trudng
"ngim".
Ton tai
- Cac miu gd Dd trim thu thip tii riing trdng san xuit vdi gidng, ky thuit giy trdng ciing nhu chd phim tao trim rit da dang, khdng ddng nhit ndn kd't qua phin tfch ham luong tinh diu chua ro rang.
Ngoai ra, sd lugng miu phin tfch chua dii ldn cung lam giam dd chinh xac ciia sd lidu.
- Cac thdng tin vd thi trudtng tidu thu chu ydu li thdng tin thti cip ndn dd tin ciy chua cao.
- Chinh sach luu thdng thuong mai cac san phim tut ciy Dd trim chua thdng thoang, cdn cd nhirng ttd ngai lam han chd qui trinh thuong mai mat hang nay.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Dinh Xuan Ba, 2007. Thi trudng Trim huang. Ky yd'u Hdi thao ciy Dd biu va Trim huong thuc trang vi dinh hudng phat trien. NXB Ndng nghiep. Ha Ndi. Trang 88-114.
La Dinh Moi va cac cdng tie vien, 2007. Nhdm ciy cho diu nhua. Lam san ngoai gd Viet Nam, thing 6/2007. Trang 812-818.
Sd NN&FLNT Ha ITnh, 2007. Quyet dinh vd viec cap phep khai thac cay Dd trim da duoc tao trim bang phuangphipnhintaotaiticukhu 133nam2007cLiaScVNN&l'T^NTHaTmhkyngay 12/I2/20(J7. '
Http://www.tramhuongvictnam.com/thongtinmoi 17.htm.
Http:www.Iao.org/DOCREP/004/y3660c/3660e04.htm.
Http:www.customs.gov.vn.
ASSESSMENT RESULTS OF AGAR-WOOD FORMATION AND THE MARKET FOR AGAR- WOOD ESSENTIAL OIL CONSUMPTION
Le Van Thanh, Nguyen Huy Son Forest Science Institute of Vietnam SUMMARY
This research aims to assess the ability to create agar-wood in Aquilaria cras.sna using different chemicals in production, and initially evaluating the market for agar-wood essential oil consumption. The survey results showed that currently Vietnam has quite a number of chemicals used for agar-wood formation. Through the analysis of the wood samples affected by various chemicals, the oil content tends to increase where the tree is affected by chemicals, and within a tree, the oil content is greater at the place where it is affected by the chemical. The market for agar-wood essential oil is large across the world, but the domestic units for producing and trading the essential oil are not able to access those markets, so that they have to trade through a middle man, and they have to accept lower prices. Fhc domestic market is not so clear.
Key words: Do tram tree, Agar-wood formation, Agar-wood oil market
TAP CHI KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP
1110 2009
